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标题：A laboratory examination of pain threshold and tolerance among nonsuicidal self-injurers with and without self-punishing motivations.
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作者：Chloe A. Hamza ; Teena Willoughby ; Jenna Armiento 等
期刊名称：Archives of Scientific Psychology
电子版ISSN：2169-3269
出版年度：2014
卷号：2
期号：1
页码：33-42
DOI：10.1037/arc0000008
出版社：American Psychological Association
摘要：Despite recent findings that individuals who engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), have heightened tolerances for pain relative to noninjurers, little attention has been given to how self-injurers overcome the instinct to avoid the pain involved in NSSI. Understanding the process through which self-injurers are willing to tolerate pain, however, may have important implications for prevention and intervention efforts, as heightened tolerance for pain has been associated with increased suicidal risk. In the present study, we examined whether one factor that may influence a self-injurer’s willingness to tolerate pain is whether they engage in NSSI to regulate the need to self-punish (i.e., “I engage in NSSI to punish myself, express anger at myself”). Participants included 82 fourth-year undergraduate students from a midsized Canadian university (i.e., 31 self-injurers with self-punishment motivations, 25 self-injurers without self-punishment motivations, 26 age-matched controls) recruited from a larger ongoing project examining stress and coping among university students (N = 832, 69.5% female, Mage = 21.52). Following a stress task, pain threshold, pain tolerance, and pain intensity ratings were assessed using the cold-pressor task. ANOVA analyses revealed that self-injurers who engaged in NSSI to self-punish tolerated pain significantly longer and rated this pain as less aversive than self-injurers without self-punishment motivations and the comparison group of noninjurers. Our findings, therefore, suggest that willingness to tolerate painful stimulation may be an important part of the self-injury experience among individuals who engage in NSSI to self-punish. Moreover, our findings suggest that motivational factors underlying NSSI should be integrated into theories on the link between NSSI and pain sensitivity.
关键词：metacognitive knowledge; leaming strategies; judgments of learning. The delayed JOL effect; metacognition