文章基本信息

标题：Oxygen – the forgotten nutrient
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作者：Paul Trayhurn
期刊名称：Journal of Nutritional Science
印刷版ISSN：2048-6790
电子版ISSN：2048-6790
出版年度：2017
卷号：6
页码：1-4
DOI：10.1017/jns.2017.53
出版社：Cambridge University Press
摘要：O 2 is essential for the maintenance and growth of aerobic animals, similar to the essentiality of what are classically considered nutrients. Nevertheless, O 2 is not customarily regarded as a nutrient, this reflecting the route by which it enters the body – through the lungs or gills in vertebrates, rather than via the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. A relative deficiency of O 2 occurs at high altitudes and during deep-sea diving, to which distinct adaptations occur. Deficiency is also evident in lung diseases such as emphysema. Without O 2 , mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation cannot take place. At a molecular level, cells adapt to O 2 deficiency by switching from oxidative metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis and there are changes in the expression of a multiplicity of genes, driven by hypoxia-sensitive transcription factors, particularly hypoxia-inducible factor-1. It is argued that O 2 should be fully included within the remit of nutritional science alongside the other essential macronutrients.
关键词：Hypoxia;Hypoxia-inducible factor-1;Oxygen deficiency;Oxygen utilisation