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标题：Evaluation of Soil Thermal Conductivity Schemes for Use in Land Surface Modeling
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作者：Yongjiu Dai ; Nan Wei ; Hua Yuan 等
期刊名称：Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
电子版ISSN：1942-2466
出版年度：2019
卷号：11
期号：11
页码：3454-3473
DOI：10.1029/2019MS001723
出版社：John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
摘要：Soil thermal conductivity (STC) is an important physical parameter in modeling land surface processes. Previous studies on evaluations of STC schemes are mostly based on direct measurements of local conditions, and their recommendations cannot be used as a reference in selecting STC schemes for land modeling use. In this work, seven typical STC schemes are incorporated into the Common Land Model to evaluate their applications in land surface modeling. Statistical analyses show that the Johansen (1975) scheme and its three derivatives, Côté and Konrad (2005, https://doi.org/10.1139/t04‐106 ), Balland and Arp (2005, https://doi.org/10.1139/s05‐007 ), and Lu et al. (2007, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2006.0041 ), are significantly superior to the other schemes with respect to both STC estimations and their applications in modeling soil temperature and the partitioning of surface available energy in the Common Land Model. The Balland and Arp (2005, https://doi.org/10.1139/s05‐007 ) scheme ranks at the top among the selected schemes. Uncertainty analyses based on single‐point and global simulations both show that the differences in STC estimations can induce significant differences in simulated soil temperature in arid/semiarid and seasonally frozen regions, especially at deep layers. The hydrology‐related variables are slightly affected by STC variations, but slight changes in these variables can induce notable changes in soil temperature by altering soil thermal properties. These results emphasize the important role of STC in modeling soil thermodynamics and suggest the necessity of further developing STC schemes based on land modeling applications. According to the evaluation analyses, we recommend the Balland and Arp (2005, https://doi.org/10.1139/s05‐007 ) scheme as a more suitable selection for use in land surface models. Plain Language Abstract Soil thermal conductivity (STC) is essential for simulating soil temperature and heat flux in land surface models. Previous studies have proposed quite a few parameterization schemes to estimate STC. Although many works have tried to determine which scheme performed best, most of them were based on direct measurements from specific experimental conditions or local soil samples, and few studies have considered the performances of STC schemes in land surface modeling. Here, we present an evaluation of seven typical STC schemes based on their land modeling applications. The results show that four of the schemes, the Johansen (1975) scheme, Côté and Konrad (2005, https://doi.org/10.1139/t04‐106 ) scheme, Balland and Arp (2005, https://doi.org/10.1139/s05‐007 ) scheme, and Lu et al. (2007, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2006.0041 ) scheme, perform comparatively better than the other schemes and that the Balland and Arp (2005, https://doi.org/10.1139/s05‐007 ) scheme ranks at the top. Uncertainty analyses demonstrate that soil thermodynamics are strongly sensitive to STC estimates, especially in dry and partly frozen regions. This relationship highlights the important role of STC in modeling land surface processes. Currently, we recommend the Balland and Arp (2005, https://doi.org/10.1139/s05‐007 ) scheme as a good selection for use in land surface models.
关键词：Land surface modeling;Soil thermal conductivity schemes;Performance evaluation;Uncertainties analyses