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标题：Seasonal distribution, gas–particle partitioning and inhalation exposure of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in gas and particle phases
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作者：Yuan Meng ; Yuan Meng ; Hongli Zhang 等
期刊名称：Environmental Sciences Europe
印刷版ISSN：2190-4715
出版年度：2019
卷号：31
期号：1
页码：1-11
DOI：10.1186/s12302-019-0257-2
出版社：BioMed Central
摘要：Atmosphere is one of the sources and sinks to gas- and particle-bound brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Therefore, BFRs can enter human body via inhalation. In the present study, 79 of gas- and particle-phase samples (TSP, PM10 and PM2.5) were collected during 2015–2016 in urban area of Shanghai, China to investigate the occurrence of 25 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) congeners, hexabromobenzene (HBB) and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE). The total concentrations of BFRs ranged from 0.66 to 13.7 pg/m3, 25.82 to 376.27 pg/m3, 14.58 to 365.49 pg/m3 and 15.17 to 304.89 pg/m3 in gas, TSP, PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. HBB was the main compound in gas phase; while BDE-209 was the dominant congener in particle phase. Atmospheric BFRs in winter was much lower than in summer, while particle phase showed opposite seasonal tendency. Clausius–Clapeyron equation suggested that BTBPE, BDE-28, -66, -99, -100, and -154 were more driven by temperature and evaporated from local contamination. Higher-brominated congeners tended to be absorbed in particle phase, while low-brominated compounds partitioned in both gas and particle phases. Gas/particle partitioning results showed that absorption into the aerosol organic matter was the dominant process for BFRs. The inhalation health risk assessment demonstrated that the hazard quotient (HQs) for most PBDEs in winter was higher than in summer.
关键词：Brominated flame retardants;Seasonal variation;Gas/particle partitioning;Inhalation exposure