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标题：The NMDA receptor activation by d-serine and glycine is controlled by an astrocytic Phgdh-dependent serine shuttle
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作者：Samah Neame ; Samah Neame ; Hazem Safory 等
期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2019
卷号：116
期号：41
页码：20736-20742
DOI：10.1073/pnas.1909458116
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：Astrocytes express the 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh) enzyme required for the synthesis of l -serine from glucose. Astrocytic l -serine was proposed to regulate NMDAR activity by shuttling to neurons to sustain d -serine production, but this hypothesis remains untested. We now report that inhibition of astrocytic Phgdh suppressed the de novo synthesis of l -and d -serine and reduced the NMDAR synaptic potentials and long-term potentiation (LTP) at the Schaffer collaterals-CA1 synapse. Likewise, enzymatic removal of extracellular l -serine impaired LTP, supporting an l -serine shuttle mechanism between glia and neurons in generating the NMDAR coagonist d -serine. Moreover, deletion of serine racemase (SR) in glutamatergic neurons abrogated d -serine synthesis to the same extent as Phgdh inhibition, suggesting that neurons are the predominant source of the newly synthesized d -serine. We also found that the synaptic NMDAR activation in adult SR-knockout (KO) mice requires Phgdh-derived glycine, despite the sharp decline in the postnatal glycine levels as a result of the emergence of the glycine cleavage system. Unexpectedly, we also discovered that glycine regulates d -serine metabolism by a dual mechanism. The first consists of tonic inhibition of SR by intracellular glycine observed in vitro, primary cultures, and in vivo microdialysis. The second involves a transient glycine-induce d -serine release through the Asc-1 transporter, an effect abolished in Asc-1 KO mice and diminished by deleting SR in glutamatergic neurons. Our observations suggest that glycine is a multifaceted regulator of d -serine metabolism and implicate both d -serine and glycine in mediating NMDAR synaptic activation at the mature hippocampus through a Phgdh-dependent shuttle mechanism..
关键词：d ;serine ; glycine ; gliotransmission ; tripartite synapse ; Phgdh