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标题：Gender difference in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without albuminuria, a matched case-control study
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作者：Mehrnaz Imani ; Soghra Rabizadeh ; Manouchehr Nakhjavani 等
期刊名称：Functional Foods in Health and Disease
电子版ISSN：2160-3855
出版年度：2019
卷号：9
期号：7
页码：484-493
出版社：Food Science Publisher
摘要：Background: Women with type 2 diabetes are more susceptible to coagulopathy disorders and endothelial dysfunction. One possible explanation is the effects of different sex hormones in inflammatory conditions. Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity has been observed as a possible predisposing factor for coagulopathy disorders and endothelial dysfunction. However, the effect of gender on PAI-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and albuminuria has not been studied sufficiently. Objectives: In this study, we examined whether changes of PAI-1 activity according to the albuminuria state in patients with type 2 diabetes are different in males and females. Materials and Methods: A matched case-control study was performed among participants with T2D, as 38 microalbuminuric patients were matched with 38 normoalbuminuric patients who were similar in age and body mass index (BMI). PAI-1 activity was compared between the two groups with and without gender stratification. Results: PAI-1 activity in microalbuminuric women was higher in comparison to that of the normoalbuminuric controls (P-value < 0.05). There was no significant difference in PAI-1 activity between macroalbuminuric and normoalbuminuric men. In women with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria, PAI-1 activity was independently and significantly associated with urinary albumin excretion. Conclusions: Gender differences in PAI-1 activity, seen in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy, are a possible explanation for the higher incidence of vasculopathy in women with type 2 diabetes.
其他摘要：Background: Women with type 2 diabetes are more susceptible to coagulopathy disorders and endothelial dysfunction. One possible explanation is the effects of different sex hormones in inflammatory conditions. Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity has been observed as a possible predisposing factor for coagulopathy disorders and endothelial dysfunction. However, the effect of gender on PAI-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and albuminuria has not been studied sufficiently. Objectives: In this study, we examined whether changes of PAI-1 activity according to the albuminuria state in patients with type 2 diabetes are different in males and females. Materials and Methods: A matched case-control study was performed among participants with T2D, as 38 microalbuminuric patients were matched with 38 normoalbuminuric patients who were similar in age and body mass index (BMI). PAI-1 activity was compared between the two groups with and without gender stratification. Results: PAI-1 activity in microalbuminuric women was higher in comparison to that of the normoalbuminuric controls (P-value < 0.05). There was no significant difference in PAI-1 activity between macroalbuminuric and normoalbuminuric men. In women with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria, PAI-1 activity was independently and signiﬁcantly associated with urinary albumin excretion. Conclusions: Gender differences in PAI-1 activity, seen in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy, are a possible explanation for the higher incidence of vasculopathy in women with type 2 diabetes Keywords : plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; coagulopathy; microalbuminuria; type 2 diabetes; gender
关键词：plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; coagulopathy; microalbuminuria; type 2 diabetes; gender