文章基本信息

标题：Feedback at Test Can Reverse the Retrieval-Effort Effect
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作者：Kliegl, Oliver ; Bjork, Robert A. ; Bäuml, Karl-Heinz T. 等
期刊名称：Frontiers in Psychology
电子版ISSN：1664-1078
出版年度：2019
卷号：10
页码：1-10
DOI：10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01863
出版社：Frontiers Media
摘要：The testing effect refers to the finding that retrieving previously encoded material typically improves subsequent recall performance more on a later test than does restudying that material. Storm, Friedman, Murayama, and Bjork (2014) demonstrated, however, that when feedback is provided on such a later test the testing advantage then turns to a restudying advantage on subsequent tests. The goal of the present research was to examine whether there is a similar consequence of feedback when the difficulty of initial retrieval practice is modulated. Replicating prior research, we found that on an initial delayed test, recall of to-be-learned items was better following difficult than easy practice. Critically, however, providing immediate feedback on an initial delayed test reversed this pattern. Our findings are consistent with a distribution-based interpretation of how feedback at test modifies recall performance.
关键词：retrieval practice; Feedback; Retrieval effort; testing effect; episodic memory