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标题：Interrelationships of fossil and recent anchovies (Teleostei, Engrauloidea) and description of a new species from the Miocene of Cyprus. American Museum novitates ; no. 2826
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作者：Grande, Lance.
期刊名称：American Museum Novitates
印刷版ISSN：0003-0082
电子版ISSN：1937-352X
出版年度：1985
卷号：1985
语种：
出版社：American Museum of Natural History
摘要："Aside from species described only from otoliths, there are six alleged species of fossil anchovies (Engrauloidea). Of these only one (Engraulis macrocephalus from the Plio-Pleistocene of Italy) is recognizable as an anchovy on the basis of character information. Two are recognizable as clupeomorphs and probably as clupeids (aEngraulis longipinnis, Stolephorus lemoinei). Three are unrecognizable as clupeomorphs (lEngraulis evolans, E. brevipinnis, hEngraulites remifer). A new (and only the second valid) fossil species of anchovy, Engraulis tethensis n. sp. from the Upper Miocene of Cyprus, is the oldest known species of the group. The scarcity of fossil anchovies is anomalous in view of their abundance today (at least 130 species) and the abundance of fossil herrings (well over 100 species). Interrelationships of clupeomorph subgroups imply that anchovies (Engrauloidea) are as old as herrings (Clupeoidea). Ecology may explain the scarcity of fossil anchovies"--P. [1].