文章基本信息

标题：「構え」の身体運動学的研究 : 外力(前方への牽引力)に対応する立位姿勢の安定について
其他标题：A Biomechanical Study of Human Standing Posture (A stability of standing posture against the external force)
本地全文：下载
作者：小林寛道
期刊名称：体育学研究
印刷版ISSN：0484-6710
电子版ISSN：1881-7718
出版年度：1976
卷号：20
期号：5
页码：257-267
DOI：10.5432/jjpehss.KJ00003405501
语种：Japanese
出版社：Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences
摘要：この研究は, 立位姿勢を保った人体が, これを引き倒そうとする外力に抵抗して,いかに立位姿勢を保持するかを, 9つの異なゥた抵抗姿勢について検討したものである. 具体的には, 牽引ロープにかかった最大張力, すなわち最大抵抗力を測定し, これを外力に対する立位姿勢の安定度の指標とし, 次の結果を得た. (1)各抵抗姿勢とも, 牽引速度の増大にともない, 最大抵抗力は大きくなる. (2)直立での抵抗姿勢の場合に限り, 剛体牽引の場合と同様に, 最大抵抗力(Y:kg)と牽引速度(V:cm/sec)との間に2次式の関係が得られた. Y=a_0+a_1V+a_2V^2(a_0, a_1, a_2:定数). (3)各牽引速度において, 足蹠位置条件の変化より, 膝や腰の関節屈曲条件の方が最大抵抗力の増大に寄与する割合が大きい. (4)「構え」の効果は, 牽引速度が増大するほど減少する. (5)立位姿勢の安定には, 剛体の安定条件に加えて, 筋力発揮要素が大きく影響する.
其他摘要：The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of stability of Various standing postures when external force was applied to the body. The subjects (16 healthy adults) were asked to resist against an external force with a maximum effort in nine different defensive postures. These postures were divided into two groups: one in which the hip or knee joints or both were flexed and the other with the feet spread apart in different positions. A rope was wound to the chest of the standing subject. The other end of the rope was attached to a winch which was rotated electrically at the desired speed. The rope was pulled at speeds of 10.6, 32.3, 53.7, 76.8 and 105.4cm/sec, respectively. The rope was pulled continuously at a uniform rate until the subject could not maintain his initial position. The tensile force of the rope was measured with a semiconductive strainmeter. The maximum tensile force of the rope represents the maximum resistant force exertet by the subject against the external force. Quadratic equations between the maximum resistant force and the pulling speed were determined by the least squares method in the rigid body. Y = a_0 + a_1V + a_2V^2 (Y : the maximum resistant force; kg., V: the pulling speed; cm/sec) (0 < V < 105.4). The same relationship was found in an erect posture with a closed stride position for each subject. Although a relationship was found in the other postures in which the higher the pulling speed, the greater the resistant force, the quadratic equations could not be obtained. The most stable posture was a crouching one with one foot in front of the other and the least stable posture was an erect one with a closed stride position at all speed. For the most stable posture, (make the resistant force greatest) the position with the knee and hip joints flexed was more effective than that with the feet spread. As a conclusion, the muscular activity has a large influence on the stability in the human standing posture in addition to the mechanical principles.