文章基本信息

标题：スプリント走時の疾走動作および関節トルクと等速性最大筋力との関係
其他标题：Relationships between movement as well as joint torque during sprint running and isokinetic maximal strength
本地全文：下载
作者：渡邉信晃 ; 榎本靖士 ; 大山卞圭悟等
期刊名称：体育学研究
印刷版ISSN：0484-6710
电子版ISSN：1881-7718
出版年度：2003
卷号：48
期号：4
页码：405-419
DOI：10.5432/jjpehss.KJ00003390832
语种：Japanese
出版社：Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences
摘要：本研究は,スプリント走時の下肢の動作および関節トルク発揮と等速性最大筋力との関係を明らかにし,スプリント走のトレーニングを考える上での基礎資料を得ることを目的とした。本研究から得られた知見は以下の通りである。(1)疾走速度と疾走時の下肢の動作および関節トルクとの間で有意な相関関係が認められたのは,支持期の膝関節最大伸展速度(負の相関),回復期の股関節屈曲トルクおよび伸展トルク(正の相関),支持期の膝関節伸展トルクおよび足関節底屈トルク(正の相関)であった。(2)疾走時の下肢関節トルクと下肢の等速性最大筋力との間でいくつかの有意な相関関係が認められたが,,中でもパフォーマンスに影響すると考えられる関係は,回復期の股関節進展トルクと短縮性股関節屈曲筋力(30,180および300deg/s),回復期の膝関節屈曲トルクと膝関節屈曲筋力(短縮性:180deg/s,伸張性:30,180および300deg/s),支持期の足関節底屈トルクと短縮性底屈筋力(180および300deg/s)であった。特に,支持期の膝関節および足関節では,等速性最大筋力が大きいことで支持期の関節トルクを介して関節の角度変位を小さくし,効率的なキック動作を引き出している可能性が示唆された。(3)疾走速度と下肢の等速性最大筋力との間で有意な正の相関関係が認められたのは,股関節屈曲筋力(短縮性:30,180および300deg/s,伸張性:30deg/s),短縮性股関節伸展筋力(180deg/s),短縮性および伸張性膝関節屈曲筋力(180deg/s),短縮性膝関節伸展筋力(180deg/s)であった。以上の結果から,回復期の股関節や,支持期の膝関節および足関節における関節トルクの発揮と,それに引き続き生じる動作には,等速性最大筋力が大きく関わっていることが明らかとなった。従って,スプリント走のパフォーマンス向上において,回復期の股関節や,支持期の膝関節および足関節動作は,それぞれの間接での等速性最大筋力のトレーニングによって改善される可能性が示唆された。
其他摘要：The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between kinematics and kinetics during sprint running, and isokinetic maximal strength of the lower limb. Sixteen male sprinters (100 m time : 10.88 ± 0.26 s) ran 60 m at maximal effort and their movements were recorded with a high-speed video camera in order to obtain the kinematic data. Ground reaction force was measured, and the joint peak torque and torque power at the right hip, knee and ankle were calculated. Isokinetic maximal strength was measured during concentric and eccentric flexion / extension of the hip, knee and anle joints at 30, 180 and 300 deg/s. The results were as follows : 1) THere were significant correlations between sprinting speed and maximal knee extension velocity during the support phase (r=-0.52, P<0.05), joint torpue of hip flexion during the recovery phase (r-0.55, p<0.05), joint torque of hip extension during the recovery phase (r=0.55, p<0.05), joint torque of knee extension during the support phase (r=0.58, p<0.05), and joint of ankle plantarflexion during the support phase (r=0.59, p<0.05). 2) There were significant correlations between isokinetic strength of hip flexion (concentric : all angular velocities, eccentric : 30 deg/s) and joint torque of hip extension during the recovery phase (r=0.53-0.64, p<0.05-0.01). Isokinetic strength of knee flexion (concentric : 180 deg/s, eccentric : all angular velocities) and joint torque of knee flexion during the recovery phase were also correlated significantly (r=0.50-0.64, p<0.05-0.01). Furthermore, there were significant correlations between isokinetic strength of plantarflexion (concentric : 180 and 300 deg/s) and joint torque of plantarflexion during the supports phase (r=0.56 and 0.64, p<0.05 and 0.01, respectively). 3) There were significant correlations between sprinting speed and isokinetic strength of flexion and extension at the hip and knee (r=0.50-0.72, p<0.05-0.01). From these results, it is suggested that isokinetic maximal strength of the lower limb influence kinematics and kinetics during sprint running. Therefore strength training is one of the keys for changing the sprinting movement subsequent to high sprint running performance.
关键词：疾走速度;キネマティクス;キネティクス;筋力;下肢
其他关键词：sprinting speed ; kinematics ; kinetics ; muscular strength lower limb