文章基本信息

标题：A Coherent Statistical Model for Coastal Flood Frequency Analysis Under Nonstationary Sea Level Conditions
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作者：Mahshid Ghanbari ; Mazdak Arabi ; Jayantha Obeysekera 等
期刊名称：Earth's Future
电子版ISSN：2328-4277
出版年度：2019
卷号：7
期号：2
页码：162-177
DOI：10.1029/2018EF001089
出版社：John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
摘要：Although a number of interlanguage studies on apologies have been conducted, there has been no study of apologies among Thai EFL learners that differentiates between learners with high and low levels of exposure to the target language. This study, differentiating between learners with high and low levels of exposure to the target language, addresses two research questions: (i) What are the similarities and differences between perception of offense context of Thai EFL learners and native speakers of English? (ii) What are the similarities and differences between apology strategies used by Thai EFL learners and native speakers of English? Data for the analysis came from a questionnaire consisting of 12 scenarios eliciting different offense contexts. The participants were divided into four groups: native speakers of English (NEs), native speakers of Thai (NTs), Thai EFL learners with high exposure to the target language (TEHs) and Thai EFL learners with low exposure to the target language (TELs). The results revealed that due to the influence of cultural background, the learners’ perception of offense context was dissimilar to the NEs in certain respects. However, the investigation of apology strategies showed that compared to the TELs, the TEHs’ apology strategies tended to be less influenced by their cultural background and more similar to the NEs’. Providing support for levels of exposure to the target language, as individual differences vary in L2 pragmatic development, the study sheds light on pedagogical intervention that may enhance learners’ pragmatic competence.
关键词：sea level rise;extreme value theory;Generalized Pareto Distribution;Mixture probability model;nonstationary;flood threshold