文章基本信息

标题：Chemical Constituents from Leaves of Hydrangea serrata and Their Anti-photoaging Effects on UVB-Irradiated Human Fibroblasts
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作者：Ji-Sun Shin ; Hee-Soo Han ; Seung-Bin Lee 等
期刊名称：Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
印刷版ISSN：0918-6158
电子版ISSN：1347-5215
出版年度：2019
卷号：42
期号：3
页码：424-431
DOI：10.1248/bpb.b18-00742
出版社：The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
摘要：We estimate the effects of climate anomalies (heat stress and drought) on annual maize production, variability, and trend from the country level to the global scale using a statistical model. Moderate climate anomalies and extremes are diagnosed with two indicators of heat stress and drought computed over maize growing regions during the most relevant period of maize growth. The calibrated model linearly combines these two indicators into a single Combined Stress Index. The Combined Stress Index explains 50% of the observed global production variability in the period 1980–2010. We apply the model on an ensemble of high‐resolution global climate model simulations. Global maize losses, due to extreme climate events with 10‐year return times during the period 1980–2010, will become the new normal already at 1.5 °C global warming levels (approximately 2020s). At 2 °C warming (late 2030s), maize areas will be affected by heat stress and drought never experienced before, affecting many major and minor production regions.
关键词：Hydrangea serrata;photoaging;matrix metalloproteinase (MMP);procollagen type 1;skin fibroblast