摘要:Let n be a natural number and M a set of n x n-matrices over the nonnegative integers such that M generates a finite multiplicative monoid. We show that if the zero matrix 0 is a product of matrices in M, then there are M_1, ..., M_{n^5} in M with M_1 *s M_{n^5} = 0. This result has applications in automata theory and the theory of codes. Specifically, if X subset Sigma^* is a finite incomplete code, then there exists a word w in Sigma^* of length polynomial in sum_{x in X} |x| such that w is not a factor of any word in X^*. This proves a weak version of Restivo's conjecture.