标题：Effects of Replacing Soybean Meal with Fermented Leaves and Seeds of the Rubber Tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ) on the Production and Egg Quality of Kamang Laying Ducks
摘要：Background and Objective: This study aimed to reduce the use of imported feed ingredients and feed ingredients that are competitive with human needs through a transition to local conventional feed. Thus, the potential of fermented leaves and seeds of the rubber tree (FLSRT) as a substitute for soybean meal in Kamang laying duck rations without adverse effects on Kamang laying duck production was assessed. Methodology: This experiment used 240 Kamang laying ducks aged 20 weeks. A completely randomized design with four replications was used and the six treatments replaced 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of soybean meal with FLSRT. The variables measured were feed intake, feed conversion and income over feed cost (gross profit), as well as variables related to egg production (hen-day production and egg weight) and egg quality (eggshell thickness and yolk color index). The data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if the result showed a marked influence, then Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) was applied. Results: The performance of Kamang laying ducks was not affected significantly by substituting FLSRT for soybean meal. Feed intake, feed conversion and egg production were also not altered. Conclusion: FLSRT can be substituted for up to 100% of soybean meal in the diet of Kamang laying ducks.
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