摘要：This study aims to explore important indicators applicable for the early detection of investment scams and to investigate the effect of age, education and financial literacy on the ability to detect investment scams. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey with respondents in Semarang, Indonesia. A total of 311 respondents completed the questionnaires, for a 62.2% response rate, but only 304 questionnaires were usable. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the indicators of investment scams, and a regression model was then employed to analyze the data. The findings show five main indicators applicable for early detection of investment scams: a) investments with unreasonably-high returns, b) investment involving salespeople that tend to force potential investors to make an immediate decision about the investment, c) investments without reasonable underlying cores of business, in accordance with principles of fairness and prudence in financial investment sectors, d) investments with no clear explanation on how the investment funds are managed, and e) investments without any information on the structure of management, ownership, and business, and the address of the companies. Finally, the finding shows that the level of individual financial literacy positively affects the ability to detect investment scams. However, age and education do not affect the ability to detect investment scams.
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