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标题：Increase in Precipitation Efficiency With Surface Warming in Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium
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作者：Nicholas J. Lutsko ; Timothy W. Cronin
期刊名称：Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
电子版ISSN：1942-2466
出版年度：2018
卷号：10
期号：11
页码：2992-3010
DOI：10.1029/2018MS001482
出版社：John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
摘要：The precipitation efficiency of convection ( ε ) plays an important role in simple models of the tropical atmosphere as well as in global climate models' projections of future climate changes, but remains poorly understood and poorly constrained. A particularly urgent question is how ε will change in warmer climates. To address these issues, this study investigates the precipitation efficiency in simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium with a cloud‐resolving model forced by a wide range of sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Two different domains are considered: a small, doubly periodic domain, and a 2‐D ( x ‐ z ) “mock‐Walker” domain with a sinusoidal SST profile that resembles the equatorial Pacific, and the sensitivities of the results to the microphysical scheme and to the horizontal resolution are also explored. It is found that ε generally increases with warming in the small domain simulations because of increases in the efficiency with which cloud condensate is converted into precipitation, with changes in the re‐evaporation of falling precipitation playing a secondary role. This picture is complicated in the 2‐D simulations by substantial changes in the degree of convective organization as the underlying SSTs are varied. ε is found to decrease as convection becomes more organized, because convective organization results in relatively more low clouds, which have small (≤0.1) precipitation efficiencies, and relatively less high clouds, which have larger (∼0.4) precipitation efficiencies.
关键词：precipitation efficiency;tropical convection;cloud microphysics;Walker circulation;climate sensitivity