期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2018
卷号：115
期号：44
页码：11168-11173
DOI：10.1073/pnas.1808600115
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：The recent renaissance of lithium metal batteries as promising energy storage devices calls for in operando monitoring and control of electrochemical evolution of lithium metal morphologies. While the development of plasmonics has led to significant advancement in real-time and ultrasensitive chemical and biological sensing and surface-enhanced spectroscopies, alkali metals featured by ideal free electron gas models have long been regarded as promising plasmonic materials but seldom been explored due to their high chemical reactivity. Here, we demonstrate the in operando plasmonic monitoring of the electrochemical evolution of lithium metal during battery cycling by taking advantage of selective electrochemical deposition. The relationships between the evolving morphologies of lithium metal and in operando optical spectra are established both numerically and experimentally: Ordered growth of lithium particles shows clear size-dependent reflective dips due to hybrid surface plasmon resonances, while the formation of undesirable disordered lithium dendrites exhibits a flat spectroscopic profile with pure suppression in reflection intensity. Under the in operando plasmonic monitoring enabled by the microscopic morphology of metal, the differences of lithium evolutionary behaviors with different electrolytes can be conveniently identified without destruction. At the intersection of energy storage and plasmonics, it is expected that the ability to actively control and in operando plasmonically monitor electrochemical evolution of lithium metal can provide a promising platform for investigating lithium metal behavior during electrochemical cycling under various working conditions.
关键词：lithium metal ; battery ; plasmonic ; in operando ; monitoring
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