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标题：Quit Attempts and Intention to Quit Cigarette Smoking Among Young Adults in the United States
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作者：Pebbles Fagan ; Erik Augustson ; Cathy L. Backinger 等
期刊名称：American journal of public health
印刷版ISSN：0090-0036
出版年度：2007
卷号：97
期号：8
页码：1412-1420
DOI：10.2105/AJPH.2006.103697
语种：English
出版社：American Public Health Association
摘要：Objectives. We investigated variables associated with quitting behaviors among current, daily, and nondaily young adult smokers in the United States. Methods. Data from the national 2003 Tobacco Use Special Cessation Supplement to the Current Population Survey were analyzed to identify factors associated with quit attempts and serious intention to quit among young adult smokers aged 18 to 30 years (n=7912). Results. Daily smokers who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day, had their first cigarette within 30 minutes of waking, and smoked no usual type were less likely than were their comparison groups to have 1 more or quit attempts. Nondaily smokers who were male, Hispanic, and smoked no usual type of cigarette were also less likely than were their comparison groups to report 1 or more quit attempts. Although unemployed nondaily smokers were more likely than were the employed to report intention to quit, nondaily smokers with an annual family income of $25 000 to $49 000 were less likely than were higher-income families to report intention to quit. Conclusions. Nicotine dependence measures were significantly associated with quitting and intention to quit among daily smokers, but sociodemographics were associated with quitting and intention to quit among nondaily smokers. Tobacco causes cancer, heart disease, and stroke in older adults. 1 However, daily cigarette smoking is associated with respiratory ailments, 2 increased mean lung age, 3 neurobehavioral and cognitive problems, and general malaise among young adults. 2 Quitting smoking at any age reduces the toll of tobacco-related diseases, 4 but the greatest benefits of quitting are seen among those who have smoked for relatively few years, smoked only a few cigarettes per day, or who have an absence of disease at the time of quitting. 4 Smoking cessation by the age of 30 years eliminates most tobacco-specific mortality. 5 ^, 6 Despite the known benefits of quitting smoking by the age of 30 years, few studies have examined factors associated with quitting behaviors among young adults. Young adults want to quit smoking 7 ^– 10 and may be less successful at quitting than older adult smokers, 11 but we have very little understanding of daily and nondaily smoking among young adults. For example, young adults may not have established regular or daily smoking patterns until the ages of 21 years 12 or 23 years 13 and may have multiple transitions from daily to nondaily tobacco use up to the age of 25 years. 12 ^, 14 ^, 15 Although most smokers begin smoking during adolescence, about 20% of smokers begin smoking during young adulthood. 12 ^, 16 ^, 17 Many young adults smoke occasionally and smoke relatively few cigarettes per day. 12 ^, 18 ^– 21 Previous studies also suggest that there is considerable heterogeneity in smoking among young adults by employment status, socioeconomic status, gender, and race/ethnicity, 12 ^, 22 and quitting behaviors among young adult daily and nondaily smokers may also vary by these sociodemographic factors. 12 ^, 23 ^– 26 In addition to these social variables, smoking variables such as age of onset of regular smoking, menthol cigarette smoking, and nicotine dependence measures affect quitting. Smoking menthol cigarettes is popular among young adults 27 and may be associated with greater levels of dependence than non-menthol cigarette smoking. 28 These factors along with sociodemographic factors may impede quit attempts among current, daily, and nondaily smokers, particularly among those who have serious intention to quit. To increase our understanding of factors associated with quitting among young adults, we examined sociodemographic and smoking factors associated with quit attempts and serious intention to quit smoking among young adult smokers aged 18 to 30 years. This age range crosses 2 age categories typically used in surveillance (18 to 24, and 25 to 44), and multiple life transitions (e.g., working, going into the military, marriage, parenting, new social networks and environments, and becoming more autonomous) occur during these time periods. Examining quitting behaviors among smokers may help clarify characteristics of young adults who are more likely to quit smoking, better define quitting behaviors among daily and nondaily smokers, and ultimately inform the development of appropriate and effective interventions for young adults.