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标题：Changes in Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors Related to Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Western Australian Adults from 1995 to 2004
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作者：Christina Pollard ; Margaret Miller ; Richard John Woodman 等
期刊名称：American journal of public health
印刷版ISSN：0090-0036
出版年度：2009
卷号：99
期号：2
页码：355-361
DOI：10.2105/AJPH.2007.131367
语种：English
出版社：American Public Health Association
摘要：Objectives. We monitored changes in self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding fruit and vegetable consumption in Western Australia prior to and after a healthful-eating campaign. Methods. We obtained telephone survey data from 2854 adults in Perth from Nutrition Monitoring Surveys conducted in 1995, 1998, 2001, and 2004. The “Go for 2&5” fruit and vegetable campaign was implemented from 2002 to 2005. Results. We observed changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding fruit and vegetable intake. In 2004, respondents were more likely than in 1995 to report 2 servings of fruit (odds ratio [OR] = 3.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.85, 4.70) and 5 servings of vegetables (OR = 4.50; 95% CI = 3.49, 5.80) per day as optimal. Despite this, vegetable consumption in 2004 was less than in 1995 (rate ratio = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.82, 0.96; P = .003). Perceived adequacy of vegetable (59.3%) or fruit (34.5%) intake and insufficient time for vegetable preparation (14.3%) were the main barriers. Conclusions. Knowledge of the recommended fruit and vegetable intake increased following the Go for 2&5 campaign. Perceptions of the adequacy of current intake and time scarcity should be considered when designing nutrition interventions. Culturally specific dietary guidelines have been developed to help citizens meet nutrient recommendations and reduce their risk of chronic disease. The Australian government's Dietary Guidelines provides culturally specific advice to the general public about healthful food choices and forms the basis for most nutrition education initiatives in Australia.^{1 – 3} Monitoring dietary factors that determine food consumption changes in relation to nutrition recommendations is necessary to assist in the development of public health interventions.⁴ Measuring the proportion of the population who meet dietary recommendations can assist in assessing the impact of health promotion initiatives.⁵ The routine data collected for health surveillance systems monitor health behavior trends and may be useful in providing feedback on the effectiveness of public health interventions. Monitoring attitudes and beliefs as well as self-reported dietary behaviors may provide useful insights about the factors associated with dietary patterns. The public health focus on chronic disease prevention has led to an emphasis on increasing fruit and vegetable recommendations in dietary guidelines. Australian Dietary Guidelines ^{1 – 3} advise people to “eat plenty of vegetables, legumes and fruits” and recommend that adults eat at least two 150-g servings of fruit and five 75-g servings of vegetables per day,⁶ a total of at least 675 g per day. This is consistent with the daily fruit and vegetable intake of 400 g to 600 g per day recommended by the World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and the World Cancer Research Fund.^{7 , 8} It has been suggested that increasing consumer awareness of the recommended daily intake of fruits and vegetables for good health is a priority,^{9 – 12} because knowledge of recommended intake would in part determine an individual's ability to assess the adequacy of his or her current intake and need for change.^{9 , 13 , 14} In 2002, the Department of Health in Western Australia launched a high-profile social marketing campaign to increase consumer knowledge of recommended daily intakes of fruits and vegetables. The “Go for 2&5” message was that adults should eat 2 servings of fruits and 5 of vegetables every day. The Department of Health in Western Australia conducted 4 Nutrition Monitoring Surveys of adults between 1995 and 2004. The purpose of the surveys was to provide information for planning initiatives to promote healthful eating behaviors consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Australians. Respondents were queried about their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs in relation to the Dietary Guidelines . The surveys also aimed to identify dietary concerns and barriers to, and promoters of, healthful eating behavior. We describe the observed changes relating to fruit and vegetable intake among Western Australian adults residing in the Perth metropolitan area between 1995 and 2004.