文章基本信息

标题：The politics of biopatents in food and agriculture, 1950–2010: Value conflict, competing paradigms and contested institutionalisation in multi-level governance
本地全文：下载
作者：Peter H. Feindt
期刊名称：Policy & Society
印刷版ISSN：1449-4035
电子版ISSN：1839-3373
出版年度：2012
卷号：31
期号：4
页码：281-293
DOI：10.1016/j.polsoc.2012.09.002
摘要：Deploying perspectives from historical institutionalism and discursive institutionalism, this paper analyses the establishment of biopatents as a case of policy change driven by two mechanisms: institutional layering and ideational struggle between competing policy paradigms. The extension of patent law to agriculture creates a new institutional layer to agriculture policy and reinforces an incremental paradigm shift from agricultural exceptionalism to market liberalism. In response, the agricultural policy community successfully entrenches sector specific exceptions within patent law, turning patent institutions into new policy venues for the ideational struggle between the competing agricultural policy paradigms. Over the decades, legislative and jurisdictional processes unfold with contradictory dynamics. The case raises important questions about legitimacy, conflicting values, multiple orders and policy change in multi-arena governance.
关键词：Biopatents; Agriculture policy; Paradigm shift; Policy change; Multi-level governance; Institutional change