文章基本信息

标题：Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Uptake and Location of Vaccination for 2009-H1N1 and Seasonal Influenza
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作者：Lori Uscher-Pines ; Jurgen Maurer ; Katherine M. Harris 等
期刊名称：American journal of public health
印刷版ISSN：0090-0036
出版年度：2011
卷号：101
期号：7
页码：1252-1255
DOI：10.2105/AJPH.2011.300133
语种：English
出版社：American Public Health Association
摘要：To learn more about racial and ethnic disparities in influenza vaccination during the 2009-H1N1 pandemic, we examined nationally representative survey data of US adults. We found disparities in 2009-H1N1 vaccine uptake between Blacks and Whites (13.8% vs 20.4%); Whites and Hispanics had similar 2009-H1N1 vaccination rates. Physician offices were the dominant location for 2009-H1N1 and seasonal influenza vaccinations, especially among minorities. Our results highlight the need for a better understanding of how communication methods and vaccine distribution strategies affect vaccine uptake within minority communities. Epidemiological data collected over the past century suggest that racial and ethnic minorities are at greater risk of contracting seasonal and pandemic influenza—and of experiencing more negative consequences as a result—compared with Whites.^{1 – 3} Despite this heightened risk, minorities in the United States have historically been vaccinated for influenza at rates as much as 15 to 18 percentage points lower than the rates for Whites, reflecting access barriers, negative attitudes toward vaccination, distrust of the medical system, and perceived risk of side effects.^{3 – 7} To minimize disparities in vaccine uptake during the 2009-H1N1 pandemic, local public health authorities adopted specifically targeted outreach efforts to encourage 2009-H1N1 vaccination among minorities. These outreach efforts included the use of alternative vaccination sites, such as retail clinics and school-located clinics; engagement of faith-based organizations; and communication in multiple languages and through ethnic media.^{8 – 10} Furthermore, the federal government made 2009-H1N1 vaccine available free of charge, to remove cost-related barriers to uptake. However, local public health officials reported disparities in uptake of 2009-H1N1 vaccine.¹¹ To our knowledge, the only comparable, published national data on this topic measured uptake through the first few weeks of the vaccination campaign.¹² To assess whether targeted outreach to minority populations during the 2009-H1N1 pandemic succeeded in narrowing historical disparities in influenza vaccination, we used national, cross-sectional survey data measuring influenza vaccination of adults to estimate uptake of seasonal and 2009-H1N1 influenza vaccination, vaccination location, and attitudes toward influenza vaccination by race and ethnicity.