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标题：State Indoor Tanning Laws and Adolescent Indoor Tanning
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作者：Gery P. Guy Jr ; Zahava Berkowitz ; Sherry Everett Jones 等
期刊名称：American journal of public health
印刷版ISSN：0090-0036
出版年度：2014
卷号：104
期号：4
页码：e69-e74
DOI：10.2105/AJPH.2013.301850
语种：English
出版社：American Public Health Association
摘要：Objectives. Recently, several state indoor tanning laws, including age restrictions, were promulgated to reduce indoor tanning among minors. We examined the effects of these laws on adolescent indoor tanning. Methods. We used nationally representative data from the 2009 and 2011 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (n = 31 835). Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the association between state indoor tanning laws and indoor tanning among US high school students. Results. Female students in states with indoor tanning laws were less likely to engage in indoor tanning than those in states without any laws. We observed a stronger association among female students in states with systems access, parental permission, and age restriction laws than among those in states without any laws. We found no significant association among female students in states with only systems access and parental permission laws or among male students. Conclusions. Indoor tanning laws, particularly those including age restrictions, may be effective in reducing indoor tanning among female high school students, for whom rates are the highest. Such reductions have the potential to reduce the health and economic burden of skin cancer. Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. Approximately 3.5 million cases of nonmelanoma skin cancers are treated annually, while more than 60 000 melanomas are diagnosed annually. 1,2 In addition, skin cancer poses a substantial economic burden, with annual direct medical costs of treatment estimated at $1.7 billion in 2004. 3 During the past decade, while most cancers decreased, melanoma increased, especially among young adult women. 4 Indoor tanning is thought to be partially responsible for this increase. 4–6 Indoor tanning before age 35 years increases the risk of melanoma by 59%, 5,7 and indoor tanning before age 25 years increases the risk of basal cell carcinoma by 40% and squamous cell carcinoma by 102%. 8 Despite these known health risks, indoor tanning is common among adolescents—6.2% of male high school students and 20.9% of female high school students engaged in indoor tanning in 2011. 9 In recent years, several states have enacted laws restricting youth access to indoor tanning and laws aimed at reducing consumers’ risk, including facility and operator responsibilities, safety and equipment standards, enforcement authority, and penalties. 10 Previous studies that were primarily focused on youth access laws found poor compliance rates among tanning facilities for parental permission laws. 11–13 In addition, such laws were ineffective in reducing indoor tanning among adolescents. 14,15 Since these earlier studies were conducted, the number of states implementing youth access laws, particularly age restrictions, has increased substantially. 16 Although some evidence has suggested that age restrictions may reduce access to indoor tanning among minors, 17 no national or international studies have examined the effects these laws have on adolescent indoor tanning behavior. We examined the association between state indoor tanning laws, including age restrictions, and indoor tanning among high school students.