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标题：Flavored Alcoholic Beverage Use, Risky Drinking Behaviors, and Adverse Outcomes Among Underage Drinkers: Results From the ABRAND Study
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作者：Alison Burke Albers ; Michael Siegel ; Rebecca L. Ramirez 等
期刊名称：American journal of public health
印刷版ISSN：0090-0036
出版年度：2015
卷号：105
期号：4
页码：810-815
DOI：10.2105/AJPH.2014.302349
语种：English
出版社：American Public Health Association
摘要：Objectives. We examined associations between consumption of different types of flavored alcoholic beverages (FABs) and risky drinking and drinking-related harms among underage drinkers. Methods. For the Alcohol Brand Research among Underage Youth study, we applied multivariable logistic regression analyses to data from underage drinkers (n = 1031, aged 13–20 years), recruited from a national Internet panel in 2011 to 2012, to estimate associations between consumption of malt-based drinks; spirits-based, premixed- or ready-to-drink cocktails; and supersized alcopops, alone or in combination, and alcohol-related outcomes. Results. After adjustment for confounding variables, the exclusive consumption of alcopops was associated with episodic heavy drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 4.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24, 15.31; P < .05) and alcohol-related injuries (OR = 6.25; 95% CI = 1.34, 29.10; P < .05). Exclusive consumption of cocktails was associated with episodic heavy drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.26, 5.41; P < .05) and injuries requiring medical attention (OR = 6.50; 95% CI = 2.09, 20.17; P < .001. Exclusive consumption of 2 or more FABs was associated with episodic heavy drinking (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.25, 6.16; P < .05), fighting (OR = 3.30; 95% CI = 1.46, 7.47; P < .001), and alcohol-related injuries (OR = 2.83; 95% CI = 1.43, 5.58; P < .001). Conclusions. FABs present an emerging public health problem among youths. Alcohol continues to be the most commonly used drug among youths in the United States and is responsible for more than 4300 annual deaths among underage drinkers. 1 Approximately 33% of eighth graders and 70% of 12th graders have consumed alcohol, and 13% of eighth graders and 40% of 12th graders drank during the past month. 2 Close to 200 000 emergency department visits by persons younger than 21 years are reported annually for injuries and other conditions linked to alcohol. 3 An important trend in underage drinking is the popularity of flavored alcoholic beverages (FABs). 4–12 Despite their popularity, little is known about associations between FAB consumption, risky drinking behaviors, and related harms among underage drinkers. FAB brands can be classified into 3 categories: malt-based beverages; spirits-based, premixed- or ready-to-drink cocktails; and supersized alcopops. 4 Although these products are widely classified as FABs, distinctions between them are important because these beverages differ in serving size (e.g., the supersized alcopops can contain 2 to 3 times the alcohol volume of other brands) and average alcohol content by volume (malt beverages, 7.8%; premixed- or ready-to-drink cocktails, 14.2%; supersized alcopops, 10.8%). 4 We used ABRAND (Alcohol Brand Research among Underage Youth) data collected by GfK Knowledge Networks 13 to analyze the brands of alcoholic beverages a national sample of youth drinkers aged 13 to 20 years reported consuming and found that nearly half of young drinkers (n = 515) had consumed FABs in the past 30 days. 4 These results roughly matched those of the 2012 Monitoring the Future report, which found that more than half (57.5%) of students in grades 8, 10, and 12 who reported past 30-day alcohol use had consumed at least 1 FAB during that time. 2 The ABRAND data also showed that 43% of drinkers aged 13 to 15 years, 48.9% of those aged 16 to 18 years, and 52% of those aged 19 to 20 years consumed FABs. 4 Consumption prevalence was greatest for malt beverages (33.8%), followed by premixed- or ready-to-drink cocktails (23.9%) and supersized alcopops (8.6%). Almost one quarter of respondents (24.5%) had consumed at least 1 FAB during a heavy-drinking episode (defined as consuming ≥ 5 drinks in a row). 4 FABs' high alcohol content, low price, sweet flavoring, attractive packaging, and targeted marketing strategies have caused concern that FAB consumption might disproportionately contribute to alcohol-related emergency department visits by underage drinkers. 5 One case study found that consumption of supersized alcopops such as Four Loko contributed to alcohol-related emergencies involving drinkers as young as 13 years. 14 We used the ABRAND sample of underage drinkers to examine the relationship between consumption of different types and combinations of FABs and risky drinking behaviors and adverse outcomes among youths aged 13 to 20 years.