文章基本信息

标题：Modelling Gardens as Social-ecological Systems Using Geodata: The Example of Watering and Landscaping of Urban Ecosystems
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作者：Angela Hof
期刊名称：GI_FORUM - Journal for Geographic Information Science
电子版ISSN：2308-1708
出版年度：2015
页码：614-624
DOI：10.1553/giscience2015s614
出版社：ÖAW Verlag, Wien
摘要：The paper discusses conceptual aspects of modelling gardens as urban social-ecologicalsystems. These conceptual aspects build on previous research, and extend previous researchinto the nexus of urbanisation dynamics, through changing lifestyles, new aesthetics ofurban nature, and the resulting landscape and garden design in urban residential areas thatare causally related to changing urban water demand patterns. The focus of modelling gardensas social-ecological systems described here is on the ecological subsystem, and thelinks to the human subsystem, as formalized by the framework of urban ecosystem services.The paper presents and discusses theoretical and conceptual approaches to understandingand formalizing the spatial patterns of urban vegetated cooling as an ecosystem service, andto link this with an assessment of the potential water requirements to supply these services.Another link is through the impacts of gardens on urban biodiversity. Like parks, gardensare horticultural, ‘novel urban ecosystems’ that have potentially positive effects on urbanbiodiversity. This aspect is discussed here, but not explicitly included in the conceptualmodelling approach. The pivotal role of geodata for modelling gardens as social-ecologicalsystems is demonstrated in two respects: First, by describing the necessity to map relevanturban design features at high levels of detail, which can be achieved with object-orientedclassification approaches applied to very high-resolution satellite imagery. Second, theframework concept of ecosystem services is discussed, reiterating why ecosystem servicesare spatially dependent. It is argued that the ecosystem services concept cannot be appliedin a meaningful way if space and location as a framework for analysis, understanding, andpresentation of results are neglected. The final section of the paper illustrates the use of thesocial-ecological systems and urban ecosystem services frameworks in conceptual modellingapplied to the research question of understanding how garden management decisionscontribute to thermally pleasant residential landscapes.