文章基本信息

标题：Faizsiz Finans Döngüsünü Oluşturma Açısından Adil Ekonomik Düzen Söyleminin Kredileşme İlkeleri Ve Uygulanabilirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
其他标题：Evaluation of Credit Principles and Applicability of the "Fair Economic Order" Subject to Create Interest Free Financial Cycle
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作者：İrfan ERSİN ; Selman DURAN
期刊名称：Journal of Turkish Studies
印刷版ISSN：1308-2140
出版年度：2017
卷号：12
期号：8
页码：109-132
DOI：10.7827/TurkishStudies.11928
出版社：Turkish studies publisher
摘要：1980’ler itibariyle Türkiye’de Milli Görüş geleneğinin temsilcisi olan Refah Partisinin ekonomik sisteme dair çözüm önerisi bağlamında ortaya çıkan Adil Ekonomik Düzen söylemi, faizsiz bir sistem öngörüsünde bulunmuştur. 1990’lı yıllarda popüler olan bu söylem, toplum nezdinde de karşılık bulmuş ve ciddi bir siyasi başarı kazanmıştır. Adil Ekonomik Düzen, gelir dağılımı adaletsizliği, işsizlik, enflasyon, tüketim ekonomisi gibi temel problemlere ana sebep olarak faizi göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla faizin olmadığı bir ekonomik sistemde bu sorunların çok daha adil bir şekilde çözümlenebileceğini iddia etmiştir Bu iddiasını çok kısa süren bir iktidar döneminde hayata geçirme girişiminde bulunmuş fakat devamını getirebilecek bir süre iktidarda kalamamıştır. Adil Ekonomik Düzen, genel olarak; devlete biçilen rol, para, vergilendirme sistemi, kredi esasları ve ortaklık, üretim ve ihracat, enflasyon, işsizlik ve sosyal güvenlik esasları gibi konular üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ele alınacağı üzere adil ekonomik düzenin faizsiz kaynak oluşturma bağlamında öne sürdüğü kredileşme ilkeleri ve bunların uygulanabilirliği tartışılmıştır. Çalışmada ortaya konan ilkelerin kurumsallaşmanın oluşmasıyla uygulanabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır. Adil Ekonomik Düzende 7 türlü faizsiz kredi imkânı vardır ve enflasyona sebebiyet vermez. Bunlar ortaklıklar, Hakkı Müktesep Karşılığı Kredi, Emek Karşılığı Kredi, Rehin Karşılığı Kredi, Ödenmiş Vergi Karşılığı Kredi, Yatırım Projesi Karşılığı Kredi, Selem Senedi Karşılığı Kredi olarak sıralanmaktadır.
其他摘要：Interest is the most important cost that the capitalist economic system brings to society. Interest, which is an important instrument in economic imbalance, generally works on debts. One of the most important elements in the economy grows. Growth which is accepted as one of the most basic elements of an economy depends on the increase in production, and the increase in production also depends on investments. Investments are provided through savings. The use of these savings in the capitalist system is at an interest rate, but the fact that the investment is not efficient does not significantly affect the savings providers. When savings are used on inefficient investments, they will be charged even if they do not produce the desired output. In other words, the promised interest without regard to production is taken as the owner of the savings. This leads to distortions in the economy, especially in the case of income injustice. A system where there is no interest in the economy has been discussed since the past. Even J.M.Keynes, known as Keynesian economic pioneer, points out that the point where interest is zero is an ideal economy, while those who internalize the capitalist economic system think that interest cannot be independent of the economy. The most important studies emphasizing that interest interest-free economy can be seen in the field of Islamic economics. However, in terms of being an alternative to the capitalist system nowadays, an accepted interest-free system applied worldwide has not become widespread. Even Malaysia, Indonesia, and some Arab countries whose domestic economic policies have partially lost interest on a local basis, have not been able to create a fully interest-free system because of their integration into the capitalist system in the global context. The Fair Economic Order discourse, which emerged in the context of the solution proposal for the economic system of the Refah Party, which is representative of the Islamic View tradition in Turkey in the 1980s, was predicated on an interest-free system. This discourse, which was popular in the 1990s, has received a response to the society and has gained a serious political success. The Fair Economic Order has shown interest as the main reason for basic problems such as income distribution inequality, unemployment, inflation, consumption economy. So he claimed that these problems could be solved in a fairer way in an economic system where there is no interest. He attempted to make a living in a very short period of power, but he did not stay in power for a long time. The Fair Economic Order generally focuses on the role of state, money, taxation system, principles of credit and partnership, production and export, inflation, unemployment and social security. As will be discussed in this study, the principles of lending and the applicability of the fair economic order in the context of making interest-free resources will be discussed. In the Fair Economic Order there are 7 types of interest-free loans and they do not cause inflation. These are listed as partnerships, Mortgage Corresponding Loans, Labor Loans, Pledge Loans, Paid Tax Loans, Investment Project Loans, Order Stock Loans.
关键词：İslam Ekonomisi; Adil Ekonomik Düzen; Faizsiz Finans;Ekonomi
其他关键词：İslamic Economy; Fair Economy Order; Interest-free finance; Economy