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标题：A review of longitudinal clinical programs in US medical schools
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作者：Galina Gheihman ; Tomi Jun ; Grace J Young 等
期刊名称：Medical Education Online
电子版ISSN：1087-2981
出版年度：2018
卷号：23
期号：1
页码：1-10
DOI：10.1080/10872981.2018.1444900
摘要：Galina Gheihman *a , Tomi Jun *ab , Grace J Young a , Daniel Liebman a , Krishan Sharma a , Eileen Brandes a , Barbara Ogur ac & David A. Hirsh *ac http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0304-4047 a Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA b Department of Medicine , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA c Department of Medicine , Cambridge Health Alliance , Cambridge , MA , USA CONTACT David A. Hirsh [email protected] Department of Medicine , Cambridge Health Alliance (CHA) , Macht Building 4th floor, 1493 Cambridge St, Cambridge , MA 02139 , United States * The authors have informed the journal that both G. Gheihman and T. Jun completed the intellectual and other work typical of the first author. Background : Longitudinal clinical experiences are a common component of undergraduate medical curricula, yet these programs have not been systematically characterized in US medical schools. Objective : Our study sought to identify and characterize longitudinal clinical programs (LCPs) in US medical schools and measure associations between programs’ structures and goals. Design : Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted a secondary analysis of data from publicly available websites. We conducted a systematic keyword search of the websites of 137 LCME-accredited US medical schools to identify LCPs. We included programs with student–patient interactions of at least six months. We categorized programs using qualitative thematic analysis and compared associations between program structures and goals. Results : We identified 98 LCPs in 69 schools. Half (52.0%) of LCPs occurred during the core clinical year. Program structures included ‘clinic attachments’ (50.0%), ‘longitudinal integrated clerkships’ (26.5%), and ‘patient attachments’ (20.4%). We identified goals in 89 programs, including ‘exposing students to specific topics, patient demographics, or practice settings’ (78.7%); ‘clinical or professional skill development’ (65.2%); and ‘understanding the patient experience’ (19.1%). Patient attachments were associated with ‘exposure to specific patient demographics’ (P = .04) and ‘understanding the patient experience’ (P = .03). Pre-clinical programs were associated with clinical skills development (P = .01). Conclusions : Our study identifies the scope and nature of LCPs in US medical schools. Understanding connections between educational structures and goals may guide program design and research investigations of educational processes and outcomes.
关键词：Undergraduate medical education; longitudinality; curriculum design; integration; continuity