文章基本信息

标题：Technical principles of atemi-waza in the first technique of the itsutsu-no-kata in judo: from the viewpoint of jujutsu like atemi-waza. A broad perspective of application in honoured self-defence training
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作者：Fumiaki Shishida ; Masanori Sakaguchi ; Tadayuki Sato 等
期刊名称：Archives of Budo
印刷版ISSN：1643-8698
出版年度：2017
卷号：13
页码：255
出版社：International Scientific Literature Inc.
摘要：Conventionally martial arts renaissance can be combined with the creation of jūdō by Jigoro Kano. A symbolic date may be the establishment of a Kōdōkan (1882). Further expansion not only of Japanese martial arts is the result of the intellectual effort and physical training of many generations of experts around the world. The purpose of this study is to verify the hypothesis that the true is the opinion of Kenji Tomiki that “atemi-waza (striking technique) is, in principle, an extension of nage-waza (throwing technique)”.Material and Methods: Verification of the hypothesis was based on three issues: (1) to make a technical analysis of Kotani & Otaki’s study, chosen among the seven previous studies, which describe the teaching of the first technique of the itsutsu-no-kata, advocated by Jigoro Kano; (2) to demonstrate the first technique of the itsutsu-no-kata, based on the interpretation by Kenji Tomiki, who referred to the unique relationship between the first technique of the itsutsu-no-kata and the atemi-waza, and to analyze its video image in terms of technique and biomechanics; (3) to clarify the technical principles of the atemi-waza in jujusu by synthesizing both of the above mentioned.Results: The previous study reports that the technical principles in which tori (a person who executes a technique), who touches uke (a person to whom a technique is executed) softly with his palm, and walks, defeats uke, who has turned into a solid matter, reveal the concept of “softness controls hardness,” to which Kano attached great importance. The interpretation in terms of biomechanics suggested, in a scene where tori makes ceaseless pushing with his palm, followed by consecutive walking. This is the reason of uke’s retreat becoming difficult gradually, and thus uke is made to walk with much shorter steps, is because tori has delicate controls over the powers on the thumb or little finger. By so doing, uke’s rotation movement on the chest is hindered, and because uke is unable to reflect on inborn movement or walking. In a scene where jizo-tashi occurs, uke is forced to lose his balance backwards, to a great extent, and as the ground reaction force gradually shifts forward. The backward moment around the uke’s centre of gravity applied by tori ’s palm, uke is unable to cancel out the reverse moment from the ground reaction force, and thus we finally observed that uke fell off, his centre of gravity being rotated, and moving backwards. This movement is considered to be jizo-taoshi.
关键词：biomechanics; Hideichi Nagaoka; innovative agonology; Jigoro Kano; Kenji Tomiki; Sumiyuki Kotani