To evaluate long-term treatment outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept monotherapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

A retrospective review of medical records was performed with 46 patients who were diagnosed with PCV and treated with aflibercept monotherapy for 24 months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) values measured at diagnosis, 3 months, 12 months, and 24 months were compared. Baseline morphological factors associated with the 24 month BCVA were additionally investigated.

The mean age of the patients was 65.8 ± 7.9 years. The patients were treated with a mean of 7.0 ± 2.3 aflibercept injections. The mean logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA at diagnosis, 3 months, 12 months, and 24 months was 0.56 ± 0.40, 0.36 ± 0.36, 0.45 ± 0.42, and 0.52 ± 0.47, respectively. When compared with baseline values, the BCVA was significantly improved at 3 months ( p < 0.001) and 12 months ( p = 0.022). However, the value at 24 months was not significantly different ( p = 1.000). The BCVA was improved or maintained in 35 eyes (76.1%). Extrafoveal polypoidal lesions were associated with a better 24 month visual outcome than subfoveal/juxtafoveal lesions.

Aflibercept monotherapy was found to be an effective method to maintain or improve long-term visual acuity in PCV patients. The location of polypoidal lesions was a predictive factor for long-term visual outcomes.