文章基本信息

标题：La chasse du renne et du cerf par les communautes humaines gravettiennes, epigravettiennes et mesolithiques de l’espace carpatique-dniestreen [ The Hunting of the Reindeer and the Deer by the Gravettian, Epigravettian and Mesolithic Human Communities of the Carpathian-Dniestrean Space ]
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作者：VALENTIN-CODRIN CHIRICA ; GEORGE BODI
期刊名称：Arheologia Moldovei
印刷版ISSN：0066-7358
出版年度：2014
卷号：XXXVII
页码：21-62
出版社：Romanian Academy
摘要：It is well known that Gravettian hunters were the best reindeer hunters, while the Epigravettian and Mesolithic huntersespecially hunted the red deer. The first explanation consists in the environmental conditions, almost identical in the various regionsof Europe, during the periods when these communities lived; archeological excavations undertaken in their establishments alloweddetermining of several realities: the modalities of locating the habitats (even the habitations); the predilection for the geographicgeomorphologicalareas; the climate micro-episodes (for instance, the periglacial climate for several geographical micro-regions);the usage of hard materials of animal origin – reindeer and red-deer antlers – as supports for implements, weapons, body ornamentalitems or art objects, even the usage of horns in the field of the funeral rites, etc. The existence of regional variations was noticed: forinstance, in its artistic representations, etc., which are more numerous, Atlantic Europe being dominated by reindeer hunting. In thiscontext, it appears that the red deer is an animal to which a very rich symbolism is attached, so being also the case of the bison or ofthe reindeer in other geographic regions and prehistoric cultures.Therefore, a special attention is paid to the paleozoological finds in the Gravettian and Epipaleolithic – Mesolithic habitatlevels, which are also identified throughout the East-Carpathian territory and the Russian Plain. We shall present such finds fromMitoc-Malu Galben and also in other important sites of the considered geographic area, due to their multifunctional character(existence of species as environmental elements, their usage as food, or the usage of the skins and carcasses in constructions, of bonesand horns for artistic creations or in order to arrange cult-related structures).The East-Carpathian territory of Romania, situated between the Eastern Carpathians and the Prut, then the Dniestr, to whichthe Romanian Plain is added (between the Danube and the Southern Carpathians), is very well studied from the archeological point ofview. There were discovered several sites with levels of the Gravettian habitat and belonging to the Epigravettian (of Mediterraneanaspect) and to the Mesolithic, with a rich and varied archeological material. Among the fauna remains, the category belonging to thereindeer (Gravettian) and the red deer (Epigravettian-Mesolithic) is the one which dominates statistically. The human communitiesused the reindeer and the red deer not only for food, as they also used horns for making implements and weapons and as supports forart objects.
关键词：Epigravettian; Mesolithic; bone; antler; mobile art; reindeer; red deer.