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标题：Precision Nutrition and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Case for Personalized Supplementation Approaches for the Prevention and Management of Human Diseases
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作者：Floyd H. Chilton ; Rahul Dutta ; Lindsay M. Reynolds 等
期刊名称：Nutrients
电子版ISSN：2072-6643
出版年度：2017
卷号：9
期号：11
页码：1165
DOI：10.3390/nu9111165
语种：English
出版社：MDPI Publishing
摘要：Background: Dietary essential omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA), can be converted (utilizing desaturase and elongase enzymes encoded by FADS and ELOVL genes) to biologically-active long chain (LC; >20)-PUFAs by numerous cells and tissues. These n-6 and n-3 LC-PUFAs and their metabolites (ex, eicosanoids and endocannabinoids) play critical signaling and structural roles in almost all physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. Methods: This review summarizes: (1) the biosynthesis, metabolism and roles of LC-PUFAs; (2) the potential impact of rapidly altering the intake of dietary LA and ALA; (3) the genetics and evolution of LC-PUFA biosynthesis; (4) Gene–diet interactions that may lead to excess levels of n-6 LC-PUFAs and deficiencies of n-3 LC-PUFAs; and (5) opportunities for precision nutrition approaches to personalize n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation for individuals and populations. Conclusions: The rapid nature of transitions in 18C-PUFA exposure together with the genetic variation in the LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathway found in different populations make mal-adaptations a likely outcome of our current nutritional environment. Understanding this genetic variation in the context of 18C-PUFA dietary exposure should enable the development of individualized n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation regimens to prevent and manage human disease.
关键词：omega-3 fatty acids; polyunsaturated fatty acids; gene-diet interaction; human disease; inflammation; fatty acid desaturase genes; arachidonic acid; eicosanoids; endocannabinoids omega-3 fatty acids ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; gene-diet interaction ; human disease ; inflammation ; fatty acid desaturase genes ; arachidonic acid ; eicosanoids ; endocannabinoids