文章基本信息

标题：Toll-Like Receptors: Regulators of the Immune Response in the Human Gut
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作者：Hubert Hug ; M. Hasan Mohajeri ; Giorgio La Fata 等
期刊名称：Nutrients
电子版ISSN：2072-6643
出版年度：2018
卷号：10
期号：2
页码：203
DOI：10.3390/nu10020203
语种：English
出版社：MDPI Publishing
摘要：Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are powerful molecular regulators by which the immune system may “sense” the environment and protect the host from pathogens or endogenous threats. In mammalian cells, several TLRs were identified with a tissue and cell type-specific distribution. Understanding the functions of specific TLRs is crucial for the development and discovery of compounds useful to maintaining or re-establishing homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Due to their relevance in regulating the inflammatory response in the GIT, we will focus here on TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5. In particular, we describe (a) the molecular pathways activated by the stimulation of these receptors with their known bacterial ligands; (b) the non-bacterial ligands known to interact directly with TLR2 and TLR4 and their soluble forms. The scope of this minireview is to highlight the importance of bacterial and non-bacterial compounds in affecting the gut immune functions via the activation of the TLRs.
关键词：TLR2; TLR4; TLR5; immune system; gastrointestinal tract; bacterial ligands TLR2 ; TLR4 ; TLR5 ; immune system ; gastrointestinal tract ; bacterial ligands