The aim of this review is to present information about the ro1e of nutrients and dietary lifestyle in the maintenance of good health associated with performance in athletes. The topics covered are as fol1ows; 1. Introduction: nutrition and the role of nutrients in sports activities 2. Dietary lifestyle of the Japanese, and basic dietary guidelines for athletes 3. Energy balance and mineral intake for weight control and health in female athletes 4. Endurance performance: the role of carbohydrate and fat 5. Muscle hypertrophy and recovery from fatigue: the role of protein and amino acids 6. Free radical formation and oxidative damage: the role of antioxidant vitamins 7. Dehydration and rehydration: the role of fluid intake 8. Ergogenic aids for sports performance 9. Nutritional support for athletes For athletles who have been training vigorously, adequate intake of nutrients is essential for the maintenance of an appropriate nutritional status, optimal performance, adequate recovery from fatigue and reduction of health risks.