文章基本信息

标题：Economic Liberalization and the Environmental Kuznets Curve: Some Empirical Evidence
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作者：YAGHOOB JAFARI ; MARYAM FARHADI ; ANDREAZIMMERMANN 等
期刊名称：Journal of Economic Development - Seoul
印刷版ISSN：0254-8372
出版年度：2017
卷号：42
期号：1
出版社：Economic Research Institute
摘要：This paper applies the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) model to examine the impact of trade openness, foreign direct investment liberalization, the decreasing role of the state, energy consumption and urbanization on per capita emission in countries at various stages of economic development and as a group. For this purpose, a dynamic panel estimation applying the Arellano-Bond's Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) was conducted using the average of five-year observations from 1980–2009. The findings suggest that while trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) are not expected to affect environmental quality, increasing role of the state has a negative and significant impact only in developed countries. Further, the results suggest that energy consumption has a significant impact on all countries regardless of their stage of development, while urbanization affects environmental quality only in the least developed countries.
关键词：Environmental Kuznets Curve; Economic Liberalization; Trade; Panel ; Analysis; Generalized Method of Moments