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标题：Wet phases in the Sahara/Sahel region and human migration patterns in North Africa
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作者：Isla S. Castañeda ; Stefan Mulitza ; Enno Schefuß 等
期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2009
卷号：106
期号：48
页码：20159-20163
DOI：10.1073/pnas.0905771106
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：The carbon isotopic composition of individual plant leaf waxes (a proxy for C3 vs. C4 vegetation) in a marine sediment core collected from beneath the plume of Sahara-derived dust in northwest Africa reveals three periods during the past 192,000 years when the central Sahara/Sahel contained C3 plants (likely trees), indicating substantially wetter conditions than at present. Our data suggest that variability in the strength of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a main control on vegetation distribution in central North Africa, and we note expansions of C3 vegetation during the African Humid Period (early Holocene) and within Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 ({approx}50-45 ka) and MIS 5 ({approx}120-110 ka). The wet periods within MIS 3 and 5 coincide with major human migration events out of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results thus suggest that changes in AMOC influenced North African climate and, at times, contributed to amenable conditions in the central Sahara/Sahel, allowing humans to cross this otherwise inhospitable region.
关键词：n -alkane carbon isotopes ; vegetation ; atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)