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标题：β-Subunit myristoylation is the gatekeeper for initiating metabolic stress sensing by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)
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作者：Jonathan S. Oakhill ; Zhi-Ping Chen ; John W. Scott 等
期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2010
卷号：107
期号：45
页码：19237-19241
DOI：10.1073/pnas.1009705107
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an {alpha}{beta}{gamma} heterotrimer that acts as a master metabolic regulator to maintain cellular energy balance following increased energy demand and increases in the AMP/ATP ratio. This regulation provides dynamic control of energy metabolism, matching energy supply with demand that is essential for the function and survival of organisms. AMPK is inactive unless phosphorylated on Thr172 in the {alpha}-catalytic subunit activation loop by upstream kinases (LKB1 or calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase {beta}). How a rise in AMP levels triggers AMPK {alpha}-Thr172 phosphorylation and activation is incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate unequivocally that AMP directly stimulates {alpha}-Thr172 phosphorylation provided the AMPK {beta}-subunit is myristoylated. Loss of the myristoyl group abolishes AMP activation and reduces the extent of {alpha}-Thr172 phosphorylation. Once AMPK is phosphorylated, AMP further activates allosterically but this activation does not require {beta}-subunit myristoylation. AMP and glucose deprivation also promote membrane association of myristoylated AMPK, indicative of a myristoyl-switch mechanism. Our results show that AMP regulates AMPK activation at the initial phosphorylation step, and that {beta}-subunit myristoylation is important for transducing the metabolic stress signal.
关键词：myristome ; signal transduction ; adenylate charge ; γ-subunit