文章基本信息

标题：A 12,000-year-old Shaman burial from the southern Levant (Israel)
本地全文：下载
作者：Leore Grosman ; Natalie D. Munro ; Anna Belfer-Cohen 等
期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2008
卷号：105
期号：46
页码：17665-17669
DOI：10.1073/pnas.0806030105
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：The Natufians of the southern Levant (15,000-11,500 cal BP) underwent pronounced socioeconomic changes associated with the onset of sedentism and the shift from a foraging to farming lifestyle. Excavations at the 12,000-year-old Natufian cave site, Hilazon Tachtit (Israel), have revealed a grave that provides a rare opportunity to investigate the ideological shifts that must have accompanied these socioeconomic changes. The grave was constructed and specifically arranged for a petite, elderly, and disabled woman, who was accompanied by exceptional grave offerings. The grave goods comprised 50 complete tortoise shells and select body-parts of a wild boar, an eagle, a cow, a leopard, and two martens, as well as a complete human foot. The interment rituals and the method used to construct and seal the grave suggest that this is the burial of a shaman, one of the earliest known from the archaeological record. Several attributes of this burial later become central in the spiritual arena of human cultures worldwide.
关键词：Hilazon Tachtit Cave ; Natufian ; mortuary practices ; origins of agriculture