文章基本信息

标题：Pacemakers handshake synchronization mechanism of mammalian respiratory rhythmogenesis
本地全文：下载
作者：Steffen Wittmeier ; Gang Song ; James Duffin 等
期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2008
卷号：105
期号：46
页码：18000-18005
DOI：10.1073/pnas.0809377105
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：Inspiratory and expiratory rhythms in mammals are thought to be generated by pacemaker-like neurons in 2 discrete brainstem regions: pre-Botzinger complex (preBotC) and parafacial respiratory group (pFRG). How these putative pacemakers or pacemaker networks may interact to set the overall respiratory rhythm in synchrony remains unclear. Here, we show that a pacemakers 2-way "handshake" process comprising pFRG excitation of the preBotC, followed by reverse inhibition and postinhibitory rebound (PIR) excitation of the pFRG and postinspiratory feedback inhibition of the preBotC, can provide a phase-locked mechanism that sequentially resets and, hence, synchronizes the inspiratory and expiratory rhythms in neonates. The order of this handshake sequence and its progression vary depending on the relative excitabilities of the preBotC vs. the pFRG and resultant modulations of the PIR in various excited and depressed states, leading to complex inspiratory and expiratory phase-resetting behaviors in neonates and adults. This parsimonious model of pacemakers synchronization and mutual entrainment replicates key experimental data in vitro and in vivo that delineate the developmental changes in respiratory rhythm from neonates to maturity, elucidating their underlying mechanisms and suggesting hypotheses for further experimental testing. Such a pacemakers handshake process with conjugate excitation-inhibition and PIR provides a reinforcing and evolutionarily advantageous fail-safe mechanism for respiratory rhythmogenesis in mammals.
关键词：entrainment ; parafacial respiratory group ; postinhibitory rebound ; preBötzinger complex ; rhythm