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标题：Solutes determine the temperature windows for microbial survival and growth
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作者：Jason P. Chin ; Julianne Megaw ; Caroline L. Magill 等
期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2010
卷号：107
期号：17
页码：7835-7840
DOI：10.1073/pnas.1000557107
语种：English
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：Microbial cells, and ultimately the Earth's biosphere, function within a narrow range of physicochemical conditions. For the majority of ecosystems, productivity is cold-limited, and it is microbes that represent the failure point. This study was carried out to determine if naturally occurring solutes can extend the temperature windows for activity of microorganisms. We found that substances known to disorder cellular macromolecules (chaotropes) did expand microbial growth windows, fungi preferentially accumulated chaotropic metabolites at low temperature, and chemical activities of solutes determined microbial survival at extremes of temperature as well as pressure. This information can enhance the precision of models used to predict if extraterrestrial and other hostile environments are able to support life; furthermore, chaotropes may be used to extend the growth windows for key microbes, such as saprotrophs, in cold ecosystems and manmade biomes.
关键词：biosphere function ; chaotropic agents ; fungal ecology and limits of life ; osmotic stress ; psychrophilic bacteria