The present study was conducted to assess the association between serum ferritin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean women. The data of a total of 9,256 adults (6,960 women without MetS and 2,296 women with MetS) aged ≥20 years from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V) (2010–2012) were analyzed. A covariance test adjusted for covariates was performed for serum ferritin levels in relation to vitamin D (vitamin D deficiency, 25(OH)D p p = 0.041). However, when further adjusted for age, vitamin D was not associated with serum ferritin levels ( p = 0.293). In conclusion, vitamin D was positively associated with serum ferritin levels in women without MetS but not in women with MetS.