标题：Los tics y su relación con las dificultades de aprendizaje: estudio longitudinal de la prevalencia de los tics primarios y comorbilidad asociada en población escolar
摘要：In order to study the prevalence of tic disorders and their association with learning difficulties, we conducted an epidemiological study based on a sample of 1,139 schoolchildren. The results showed a prevalence of 16.86% (95% CI 14.10 to 19.63). Besides we found academic difficulties at 11.9% of schoolchildren, and the presence of tics at 8.6%. The presence of tic disorders was not associated with a poor school performance in the cohort. The results were contradictory in relation to other previously published studies. As a consequence of the divergence in the results, we designed a second study, which takes as its starting point the longitudinal follow-up of the cohort studied. In the Cox regression analysis, during the follow-up period of 4 years, the repetition of an academic year was associated with a lower frequency of psychological support at school (HR = 17.5; 95% CI 5.7 to 53 9) and a lower sports practice (HR = 4.02, 95% CI 01/03 to 11/08). We don't found an association between tics and a higher frequency of repeat an academic year.
关键词：Movement disorders;school difficulties;tics;motor disorders;movement disorders;neurodevelopmental disorders;Dificultades escolares;trastornos motores;trastornos del movimiento;trastornos del neurodesarrollo;trastornos con tics.
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