Okurashoten was established on September 15th in the 8th year of Meiji era. It developed from Kin'eidb Publishing Company (Ezoshi-ton'ya Kin'eido) which was a branch of Yorozuya Publishing Company. Kin'eido was acknowledged as the Publishing Company of Nishikie in the last days of Edo era. Okurashoten published various dictionaries; English, German, French, Russian dictionaries, Japanese dictionary ‘Gensen’, biographical dictionaries, Buddhist dictionary, etc. Even today its publications are reprinted by many publishing companies, with many influences on our time's thought and ideas. The aim of this treatise is. with the above historical sketch of Okurashoten in mind, to demonstrate the following three themes: (1) what kinds of books Okurashoten published according to its own thought for introducing Anglo-American political and economical ideas to Japan, and for realizing peaceful Japan in the 20's of Meiji era. (2) what parts Okurashoten played for safeguarding Japan's independence and interests against European and American nations. (3) what parts Okurashoten played in modernization of Japan's publishingbusinesses, and in publishing modern school textbooks.