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标题：Discovery of essential fatty acids
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作者：Arthur A. Spector ; Hee-Yong Kim
期刊名称：JLR Papers In Press
印刷版ISSN：0022-2275
电子版ISSN：1539-7262
出版年度：2015
卷号：56
期号：1
页码：11-21
DOI：10.1194/jlr.R055095
语种：English
出版社：American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
摘要：Dietary fat was recognized as a good source of energy and fat-soluble vitamins by the first part of the 20th century, but fatty acids were not considered to be essential nutrients because they could be synthesized from dietary carbohydrate. This well-established view was challenged in 1929 by George and Mildred Burr who reported that dietary fatty acid was required to prevent a deficiency disease that occurred in rats fed a fat-free diet. They concluded that fatty acids were essential nutrients and showed that linoleic acid prevented the disease and is an essential fatty acid. The Burrs surmised that other unsaturated fatty acids were essential and subsequently demonstrated that linolenic acid, the omega-3 fatty acid analog of linoleic acid, is also an essential fatty acid. The discovery of essential fatty acids was a paradigm-changing finding, and it is now considered to be one of the landmark discoveries in lipid research.
关键词：linoleic acid ; α-linolenic acid ; arachidonic acid ; eicosapentaenoic acid ; docosahexaenoic acid ; prostaglandins ; fat-soluble vitamins