文章基本信息

标题：Thematic Review Series: Glycerolipids. Phosphatidylcholine and choline homeostasis
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作者：Zhaoyu Li ; Dennis E. Vance
期刊名称：JLR Papers In Press
印刷版ISSN：0022-2275
电子版ISSN：1539-7262
出版年度：2008
卷号：49
期号：6
页码：1187-1194
DOI：10.1194/jlr.R700019-JLR200
语种：English
出版社：American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
摘要：Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is made in mammalian cells from choline via the CDP-choline pathway. Animals obtain choline primarily from the diet or from the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to PC followed by catabolism to choline. The main fate of choline is the synthesis of PC. In addition, choline is oxidized to betaine in kidney and liver and converted to acetylcholine in the nervous system. Mice that lack choline kinase (CK) α die during embryogenesis, whereas mice that lack CKβ unexpectedly develop muscular dystrophy. Mice that lack CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT) α also die during early embryogenesis, whereas mice that lack CTβ exhibit gonadal dysfunction. The cytidylyltransferase β isoform also plays a role in the branching of axons of neurons. An alternative PC biosynthetic pathway in the liver uses phosphatidylethanolamine N -methyltransferase to catalyze the formation of PC from PE. Mice that lack the methyltransferase survive but die from steatohepatitis and liver failure when placed on a choline-deficient diet. Hence, choline is an essential nutrient. PC biosynthesis is required for normal very low density lipoprotein secretion from hepatocytes. Recent studies indicate that choline is recycled in the liver and redistributed from kidney, lung, and intestine to liver and brain when choline supply is attenuated.