摘要：Abstract. A memory measurement model is presented that accounts for judgments of remembering, knowing, and guessing in old-new recognition tasks by assuming four disjoint latent memory states: recollection, familiarity, uncertainty , and rejection . This four-states model can be applied to both Tulving's (1985) remember-know procedure (RK version) and Gardiner and coworker's ( Gardiner, Java, & Richardson-Klavehn, 1996 ; Gardiner, Richardson-Klavehn, & Ramponi, 1997 ) remember-know-guess procedure (RKG version). It is shown that the RK version of the model fits remember-know data approximately as well as the one-dimensional signal detection model does. In contrast, the RKG version of the four-states model outperforms the corresponding detection model even if unequal variances for old and new items are allowed for.We show empirically that the two versions of the four-statesmodelmeasure the same state probabilities. However, the RKG version, requiring remember-know-guess judgments, provides parameter estimates with smaller standard errors and is therefore recommended for routine use. Keywords: episodic memory , memory awareness , remember-know procedure , measurement models , multinomial modeling
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