摘要：This work deals with methods of applied geodesics related to threedimensional measurement optic techniques applied to determine vertical movements and transport of heights through modern geodesic instrumentation. It considers the importance and necessity for the study of geodesic methods of three-dimensional positioning, by polar measurement systems based on theodolites. It considers the current demands for industrial applications resulting from the need for greater geometrical precision in the construction industry and in the operation of machines and efficiency in the control of operational and environmental risks, conventional geodesic measurement methods need to be automated to be able to be employed. Such is the case, for example, of the requirements for an increase in speed and precision as well as a reduction of measurement costs that are associated to quality control. The acquisition of vertical movement as well as the transport of heights can be carried out by using the geometric levelling method as well as through transference of theodolitic height. By the polar method, grid line method and procedures derived from trigonometric levelling. For angular measurements of directions and distances, based on advance intersection and polar measurement, they are potentially useful-principally in restricted surroundings or in no conventional monitoring applications - pointing and video theodolites, electronic tacheometry and video tacheometry. In a general way, these systems are based on theodolites, as the hybrid measurement system, which have manual functioning (manual system) or are adapted to motors (motorized systems) for completely automatic functioning. The importance of pre-analysis and field observations are worth emphasizing, in three-dimensional geodesic network as reference to precise positioning of the objects under study, so that they can be studied and analysed as much for vertical movement as height transport. Thus searching for more appropriate solutions for stability of buildings and therefore a reduction in construction risks.
关键词：Técnicas ópticas de medição tridimensional;deslocamento vertical;sistema manual;sistema motorizado e métodos geodésicos de posicionamento tridimensional;Three-dimensional measurement optic techniques;vertical movement;manual system
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