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标题：Colostrum and Mature Human Milk of Women from London, Moscow, and Verona: Determinants of Immune Composition
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作者：Daniel Munblit ; Marina Treneva
期刊名称：Nutrients
电子版ISSN：2072-6643
出版年度：2016
卷号：8
期号：11
页码：695
DOI：10.3390/nu8110695
语种：English
出版社：MDPI Publishing
摘要：Cytokines and growth factors in colostrum and mature milk may play an important role in infant immune maturation, and may vary significantly between populations. We aimed to examine associations between environmental and maternal factors, and human milk (HM) cytokine and growth factor levels. We recruited 398 pregnant/lactating women in the United Kingdom, Russia, and Italy. Participants underwent skin prick testing, questionnaire interview, and colostrum and mature milk sampling. HM cytokine and growth factor levels were quantified by electro-chemiluminescence. We found significant geographical variation in growth factor levels, but no evidence of variation between sites in cytokine detectability. There was an inverse correlation between time of milk sampling and growth factor levels in colostrum for Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and TGFβ1 and TGFβ3, but not TGFβ2, and levels were significantly higher in colostrum than mature milk for all growth factors. The kinetics of decline were different for each growth factor. Cytokines were present at much lower levels than growth factors, and the decline over time was less consistent. HM growth factors and cytokine levels vary between populations for unknown reasons. Levels of HM mediators decline at different rates postpartum, and these findings suggest specific biological roles for HM growth factors and cytokines in early postnatal development.
关键词：colostrum; human milk; immune modulators; immunologically active molecules; cytokines; growth factors; environmental influence colostrum ; human milk ; immune modulators ; immunologically active molecules ; cytokines ; growth factors ; environmental influence