文章基本信息

标题：Notes on Counting with Finite Machines
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作者：Dmitry Chistikov
期刊名称：LIPIcs : Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics
电子版ISSN：1868-8969
出版年度：2014
卷号：29
页码：339-350
DOI：10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2014.339
出版社：Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik
摘要：We determine the descriptional complexity (smallest number of states, up to constant factors) of recognizing languages {1^n} and {1^{t n} : t = 0, 1, 2, ...} with state-based finite machines of various kinds. This task is understood as counting to n and modulo n, respectively, and was previously studied for classes of finite-state automata by Kupferman, Ta-Shma, and Vardi (2001). We show that for Turing machines it requires log(n)/log(log(n)) states in the worst case, and individual values are related to Kolmogorov complexity of the binary encoding of n. For deterministic pushdown and counter automata, the complexity is log(n) and sqrt(n), respectively; for alternating counter automata, we show an upper bound of log(n). For visibly pushdown automata, i.e., if the stack movements are determined by input symbols, we consider languages {a^n b^n} and {a^{t n} b^{t n} : n t = 0, 1, 2, ...} and determine their complexity, of sqrt(n) and min(n_1 + n_2), respectively, with minimum over all factorizations n = n_1 n_2.
关键词：State complexity; Unary languages; Counting