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标题：Böhm Trees as Higher-Order Recursive Schemes
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作者：Pierre Clairambault ; Andrzej S. Murawski
期刊名称：LIPIcs : Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics
电子版ISSN：1868-8969
出版年度：2013
卷号：24
页码：91-102
DOI：10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2013.91
出版社：Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik
摘要：Higher-order recursive schemes (HORS) are schematic representations of functional programs. They generate possibly infinite ranked labelled trees and, in that respect, are known to be equivalent to a restricted fragment of the lambda-Y-calculus consisting of ground-type terms whose free variables have types of the form o -> ... -> o (with o being a special case). In this paper, we show that any lambda-Y-term (with no restrictions on term type or the types of free variables) can actually be represented by a HORS. More precisely, for any lambda-Y-term M, there exists a HORS generating a tree that faithfully represents M's (eta-long) Böhm tree. In particular, the HORS captures higher-order binding information contained in the Böhm tree. An analogous result holds for finitary PCF. As a consequence, we can reduce a variety of problems related to the lambda-Y-calculus or finitary PCF to problems concerning higher-order recursive schemes. For instance, Böhm tree equivalence can be reduced to the equivalence problem for HORS. Our results also enable MSO model-checking of Böhm trees, despite the general undecidability of the problem.
关键词：Lambda calculus; B{\"o