Given the magnitude and severity of the threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is a sign of progress that Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO) are now developing national action plans in response to WHO’s Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. ¹ To accelerate these efforts, in April 2016 the Wellcome Trust held an interdisciplinary international summit, bringing together policy-makers and scientists from more than 30 countries to review and debate a set of 25 policy options.