文章基本信息

标题：A growing concern: How soon will India run out of water?
本地全文：下载
作者：Rajmohan Panda
期刊名称：EdA Esempi di Architettura
电子版ISSN：2035-7982
出版年度：2011
卷号：1
期号：2
页码：135-137
出版社：EdA
摘要：Water resources of a country constitute one ofits vital assets.India receives an average of4000 billion cubic meters of rainfall everyyear, confined to the monsoon season (June through September).Unfortunately, due to lack of storage and crumblinginfrastructure, only 18% can be used (1).Apart fromthe water available in the variousrivers of the country,groundwater forms an importantsource of water for drinking,irrigation, industrial andother uses.Groundwater is avital resource, with a largefraction of the population relyingon the resource directlyor indirectly for livelihoods.Groundwater accounts forabout 50–80% of domesticwater use and 45–50% of irrigationin the country (2).Thisheavy reliance on groundwaterfor both domestic waterand irrigation purposes is now approaching its limit as anincreasing number of aquifers reach unsustainable levelsafter decades of exploitation.Overall, India has around 432cubic kilometres of annual replenishable groundwater resources.With a net annual groundwater availability of 399cubic kilometres, the net withdrawals in 2004 amountedto 58% of the net annually available resource (3).Howeverthere are several regional and intra-state variations.Accordingto the 2004 nationwide assessment, 29% of the.